📘 Nchịkọta
Nkemoto AC Asynchronousbụ ịnyịnya na-arụ ọrụ n'azụ nfuli, ndị na-ebufe ihe, compressors, na ndị na-efe efe n'ofe nrụpụta, ọrụ ugbo na sistemụ hvac. Ntuziaka a na-akọwa ụkpụrụ ọrụ ya, njirimara arụmọrụ, nleba anya nrụpụta ike ike, njirisi nhọrọ, na nhazi kachasị mma. Ị ga-amụta ka esi kwekọọ nkọwa moto na ngwa gị, belata oge nkwụsịtụ, yana belata mkpokọta ọnụ ahịa nke nwe.
N'ime ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na akụrụngwa, a na-enweta ngbanwe a pụrụ ịdabere na ya nke ike eletrik n'ime ntụgharị igwemoto AC Asynchronous(nke a makwaara dị ka moto induction). N'adịghị ka moto synchronous nke na-agbagharị kpọmkwem n'oge ọkọnọ, nhazi asynchronous na-ewebata "slip" a na-achịkwa n'etiti rotor na oghere magnetik na-atụgharị na stator. Ntugharị a na-enyere nchebe oke ibu dị n'ime ya, ihe owuwu dị mfe, na nrụzi nke pere mpe - na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nhọrọ ndabara maka ngwa ngwa ngwa na agbanwe agbanwe. Ịghọta usoro ọsọ ọsọ ya, klaasị mkpuchi, na usoro jụrụ oyi dị mkpa maka ndị injinia na ndị ọkachamara n'ịzụ ahịa na-achọ ogologo ndụ ọrụ na nchekwa ike.
Nkemoto AC Asynchronousna-arụ ọrụ na iwu Faraday nke induction electromagnetic. Mgbe a na-etinye voltaji AC nke okpukpu atọ (ma ọ bụ otu nkeji) na windings stator, a na-emepụta oghere magnetik na-atụgharị. Mpaghara a na-egbutu ndị na-eduzi rotor, na-ebute ihe dị ugbu a n'ime ha. Ihe a na-eme ugbu a na-emekọrịta ihe na mpaghara stator iji mepụta torque. Otú ọ dị, rotor enweghị ike irute ọsọ na-emekọrịta ihe kpọmkwem; ọ ga-abụrịrị "ịtụgharị" n'azụ. A kọwapụtara mwepu dị ka ọdịiche pasenti dị n'etiti ọsọ mmekọrịta yana ọsọ rotor n'ezie.
| Oke | Ọnụ ahịa / nkọwa |
|---|---|
| Ọsọ mmekọrịta (Ns) | Ns = 120 × f / P (f = ugboro, P = okporo osisi) |
| Mpempe ibu zuru oke | 2% ruo 5% maka moto ọkọlọtọ; elu maka obere otu usoro |
| Mmetụta nke ibu ụbara | Mwepu na-abawanye ntakịrị, rotor ugbu a na-ebili, torque na-abawanye |
| Nkwụsị enweghị ibu | Na-erute 0% mana erubeghị efu |
Nke a na-emepụta ihe na-enye ihe bara uru: nhazi onwe onye. Mgbe ibu ọrụ na-abawanye, rotor na-ebelata ntakịrị, na-abawanye na-amị amị, a na-ebute ihe dị ugbu a, na torque na-ebili na-akpaghị aka ruo mgbe ruru nha nha. Ọzọkwa, namoto AC Asynchronousanaghị achọ ndọta na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụ mgbanaka squirrel (n'ụdị squirrel-cage), na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe siri ike na ọnụ ahịa. Nke a bụ ya mere moto induction ji bụrụ ihe karịrị 90% nke ebumnobi ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe n'ụwa niile.
Ịghọta mgbanaka ọsọ-ọsọ dị oke mkpa maka ịhọrọ nke ziri ezimoto AC Asynchronousmaka ibu-inertia dị elu dị ka ndị na-akụpịa ihe ma ọ bụ nfuli centrifugal. Isi isi iyi atọ na-akọwapụta arụmọrụ ya:
● Mkpọchi-Rotor Torque (LRT)– Torque dị na nkwụsị. Gaferịrị ike mmalite nke ibu iji mee ngwa ngwa.
● Ọkpụkpụ Mgbapụta (PUT)– Opekempe torque n'oge osooso n'etiti nkwụsị na ndakpọ ebe. Zere itinye mmiri miri emi.
● Ọkpụkpụ mgbawa (BDT)– Oke torque moto nwere ike ịzụlite. Dịkarịa 200-250% nke torque agbagoro.
Ụzọ mmalite na-adịgasị iche dabere na nha moto na mmachi ọkọnọ:
● Direct-On-Line (DOL)- Dị mfe ma dị ọnụ ala maka obere moto (<10 kW). Nnukwu inrush dị ugbu a (6-8x kwadoro).
● Star-Delta (Wye-Delta)- Na-ebelata mmalite nke ugbu a ruo ihe dịka 33% nke DOL. Kwesịrị ekwesị maka moto ọkara ruo 100 kW.
● Soft Starter/VFD– Na-enye ezigbo osooso na mgbanwe ọsọ. Akwadoro maka nnukwu inyinya ma ọ bụ mmalite ugboro ugboro.
Ịrụ ọrụ moto na-emetụta ụgwọ ọrụ ozugbo. International Standard IEC 60034-30-1 na-akọwapụta klas arụmọrụ maka obere voltaji.moto AC Asynchronous. Ịkwalite site na IE1 ruo IE3 ma ọ bụ IE4 nwere ike ibelata oriri ume kwa afọ site na 20-40%.
| IE klas | Ọkwa arụmọrụ | Ngwa a na-ahụkarị | Oge nkwụghachi ụgwọ |
|---|---|---|---|
| IE1 (Ọkọlọtọ) | Kachasị ala (a na-ewepụ ya) | Ngwa ihe nketa | N/A |
| IE2 (Elu) | Opekempe maka nrụnye ọhụrụ n'ọtụtụ mpaghara | Ndị na-akwado ọrụ na-aga n'ihu, nfuli | 2-3 afọ |
| IE3 (Enweghị oke) | Amanyere iwu na EU na China maka 0.75-1000 kW | Compressors, conveyors | 1-2 afọ |
| IE4 (Super Premium) | Ruo 20% mfu dị ala karịa IE3 | 24/7 arụmọrụ, EV chaja | 1-3 afọ |
| IE5 (Ultra Premium) | Ọjụjụ na-emekọrịta ihe ma ọ bụ atụmatụ enyemaka PM | Ọnụ ọgụgụ ike kachasị elu | 3-5 afọ |
Mgbe ịzụrụ ihemoto AC Asynchronous, na-enyocha mgbe niile arụmọrụ aha aha ma tụlee ọnụ ahịa okirikiri ndụ zuru oke (ịzụta + ọkụ eletrik karịrị afọ 10-15). Nkwalite arụmọrụ 2% na moto 100 kW na-agba awa 6000 kwa afọ na-echekwa ihe karịrị 10,000 kWh kwa afọ.
Ntụkwasị obi n'okpuru ọnọdụ siri ike dabere na nkọwapụta isi atọ:
Klas B (130°C), Klas F (155°C), Klas H (180°C). Klas dị elu na-enye ohere okpomọkụ dị elu ma ọ bụ ibu ibu.
IP23 (na-ekpuchi mmiri), IP54 (uzuzu & splash), IP55 (hosedown), IP66 (uzuzu siri ike na jets dị ike).
IC411 (onye na-ekpo ọkụ nke onwe ya), IC416 (ventilation mmanye), IC410 (convection eke).
Ịhọrọ ebe nchekwa ziri ezi na-egbochi ọdịda amịtaghị aka yana mmetọ ikuku. Maka gburugburu uzuzu uzuzu dị ka njikwa ọka ma ọ bụ osisi ciment, họrọ IP55 ma ọ bụ karịa nke ejiri akara akara.
Ọbụna ndị siri ikemoto AC Asynchronousahụmahụ na-eyi. Ụdị ọdịda a na-ahụkarị gụnyere:
● Ịda mba (50% nke ikpe)- Chọpụta site na nyocha vibration na nleba anya ụda. Megharia kwa nhazi oge emeputa.
● Stator winding mkpuchi ndakpọ- Ihe kpatara okpomọkụ, voltaji spikes, ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri. Tụọ ihe mgbochi mkpuchi (megger) kwa nkeji.
● Rotor mmanya na-agbawa (squirrel-cage)– Na-eduga na torque pulsation. Achọpụtara ya site na nyocha mbinye aka moto ugbu a (MCSA).
● Voltage na-enweghị nha nha ma ọ bụ otu usoro- Na-ebute oke ugbu a n'usoro ndị fọdụrụ. Wụnye relays ọdịda ọdịda nke oge.
Ndozi amụma site na iji onyonyo thermal, nyocha spectrum vibration, na nleba anya mwepu n'ịntanetị nwere ike ịgbatị ndụ moto karịa afọ 20. Debe moto mapụtara mgbe niile maka usoro dị oke mkpa.
Moto na-emekọrịta ihe na-atụgharị kpọmkwem n'oge ọkọnọ (enweghị nlegharị anya) ma chọọ mkpali mpụga ma ọ bụ ihe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide. Moto asynchronous nwere slips, malite onwe ya, ma dị mfe/dị ọnụ ala maka ọtụtụ draịva ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
Kpọmkwem, mba. Ị ga-achọ ihe ntụgharị usoro ma ọ bụ VFD nwere ntinye otu nkeji. N'aka nke ọzọ, jiri moto induction otu nkeji mmalite nke capacitor maka obere ibu.
Soro ụkpụrụ IEC ma ọ bụ NEMA (dịka, 100L, 132S). Dakọtara ogologo aro, ụkpụrụ oghere bolt, na ụdị flange na akụrụngwa ebugharị gị.
Ihe nwere ike ịkpata: voltaji dị ala na-adịgide adịgide, okpomoku ikuku dị elu, ihe na-eme ka ikuku jụrụ oyi, ma ọ bụ njide igwe. Lelee voltaji ọkọnọ wee buo ya ugbu a site na iji mita mpịachi.
Ihe ọrụ ọrụ (SF) na-egosi oke ibu (dịka, 1.15 = 15% n'elu akara ike) moto nwere ike ijikwa oge na-enweghị oke oke okpomọkụ.